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ENERGYPIER COMBINED POWER PLANTS

SUN + WIND + THERMAL

Large-scale production of green electricity is essential in Switzerland and around the world

A solution to the energy transition dilemma

Covering sections of motorway with combind power plants EnergyPier (solar + wind + thermal) to generate green electricity on a large scale

ENERGYPIER COMBINED POWER PLANTS

EnergyPier COMBINED-CYCLE POWER STATIONS

EnergyPier Combined Power Plants produce clean (green) electricity and generate positive externalities

  • Sun -Thousands of square metres of solar panels generate large amounts of renewable electricity

  • Wind – The supporting structure is designed to create an effect that accelerates the air, turning it into a source of energy, which is harnessed by the AnemoGen™ generators from EnergyPier installed on either side of the supporting pillars.

  • Thermal – Recovery of natural ambient heat and heat generated by photovoltaic panels

Externalities + - The EnergyPier's structure offers additional benefits to motorway operators and users:

  • Noise reduction
  • Reduced winter maintenance
  • Protection against heavy rain and gully erosion
  • Protection of the road against excessive heating

Significant additional benefits for motorway users and operators: Positive externalities

As well as being a high-output power station, EnergyPier also offers additional benefits for motorway operators and users:

  • The structure, including the protective wall and canopy, offers the benefit of a significant reduction in noise
  • The canopy structure protects the road from snowfall and eliminates the need for winter maintenance, or reduces it significantly depending on the circumstances (salting, mechanical snow clearance)
  • The roof protects the road surface from excessive heat and UV rays in summer, whilst significantly extending its lifespan
  • The roof surface can be used to collect rainwater
  • The supporting structure can be fitted to accommodate cables and other installations
  • The facility offers the option of installing emergency power points for e-mobility

The Idea

The system as a whole creates a sustainable motorway environment, enhancing the user experience whilst reducing disruption to local communities and providing electricity for e-mobility

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A disruptive and innovative project

Innovation #1

R&D and technical research: achieving a high level of innovation by using only tried-and-tested technologies, thereby ensuring the safety and longevity of the structure, whilst avoiding costly and time-consuming teething problems.

Innovation #2

Building over motorways without disrupting traffic and without compromising user safety, by adapting existing, tried-and-tested construction techniques

Innovation #3

Integrating infrastructure into the landscape: transforming the motorway’s core transport function into a multifunctional tool, thereby creating additional benefits without causing further negative impacts

Innovation #4

A combined power plant offering the perfect balance between cost and performance: it is the combination of high-performance solar cells with EnergyPier’s AnemoGen™ air turbines that will deliver the best value per kWh.

AnemoGenTM Generator Module

Example diagram illustrating the solutionEnergyPier

As the key technical elements of the EnergyPier solution are protected by intellectual property rights, this diagram is provided for illustrative purposes only.

Innovation #5

Recovery of natural ambient heat and heat generated by photovoltaic panels, which can either be used to meet industrial or commercial heating requirements or converted into additional electricity, with efficiency levels to be determined according to local conditions.

Innovation #6

To both balance out production and ensure a 24-hour energy supply, batteries specifically designed for motorway conditions are incorporated into the solution, with a ratio of between 1 MWh and 2 MWh per MWp installed.

Sustainable innovation

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The environmental assessment

The aim of this environmental assessment is to lay a solid foundation that will dispel any doubts regarding the fundamental justification for the proposed EnergyPier combined-cycle power stations:

Contributing to a prosperous yet sustainable economy that benefits everyone.

There are various tools available to assess a project’s sustainability, such as LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), impact assessments and carbon footprints...

We can establish a solid basis for assessment by measuring the energy invested using the ratio of energy produced to embodied energy, the embodied energy saved, and by determining the project’s ancillary effects on the environment through an assessment of externalities.

Summary environmental assessment

Combined power plant (solar + wind + thermal) 1,000 m / 2 x 2 tracks / lifespan 150 years

Although this can only be confirmed once the first pilot sections have been completed, the environmental impact of the EnergyPier solution looks set to be one of the best possible within the wider family of renewable energies.

Grey energy saved – Reduced thermal and frost stresses on the motorway structure

Countries with a continental
climate: Service life x 2


Very hot
countries Lifespan x 4–10


Energy expended

Moderately favourable region: Europe, the Rhône Valley

Option 1
PV generation only

Ratio of energy produced to embodied energy = >13

Option 2
PV + AnemoSystem™ Production

Ratio of energy produced to embodied energy = >19

Option 3
PV generation + AnemoSystem + SAVED embodied energy

Ratio of energy produced to embodied energy = +E3 > 20

Highly favourable region: the Middle East

Option 1
Solar power generation only

Ratio of energy produced to embodied energy = >20

Option 2
PV + AnemoSystemTM Production

Ratio of energy produced to embodied energy = >30

Option 3
PV generation + AnemoSystem + Grey energy SAVED

Ratio of energy produced to embodied energy = +E3 > 35

Positive externalities

  • Chemical emissions: none
    Exclusive use of renewable energy sources (solar, wind and geothermal) without the use of fossil fuels.
  • Noise emissions: reduction of 5 to 8 dB
    AnemoGen solar panels, inverters and generators produce less noise than the wind. The infrastructure EnergyPier directs sound waves from the motorway down towards the ground.
  • Visual impact: integrating the structure into the landscape
    The idea of transforming the motorway into a multifunctional facility, in addition to its primary function of facilitating travel, has no negative impact. It improves the motorway’s integration into the landscape
  • Electricity grid management: facilitating the integration of renewable energy
    At EnergyPier, solar, wind and thermal power complement one another to ensure the daily and seasonal balance of the grid
  • Impact on wildlife: approaching zero
    The motorway is already a developed area, so there is no additional impact on wildlife, apart from a reduced risk of collisions
  • Other emissions (construction, dismantling, recycling): very low
    The embodied energy associated with these stages of the installation’s life cycle has already been taken into account.

Comparisons

EnergyPier Comparison

Costs & Competitiveness

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Sustainable economy

N.B.: Calculations and comparisons carried out in July 2021

Production costs for 2025–2035 and projections for 2050

The cost of electricity generation from hybrid power stations (solar+wind) EnergyPier comprises four components:
  • The cost of the structure
  • The manufacture of photovoltaic panels
  • The production of AnemoGenTM generators
  • The positive benefits of externalities, such as the protection of road surfaces (savings on road resurfacing, gritting and snow clearance), noise reduction, rainwater harvesting, etc.
When applying the LCOE formula to projects at an advanced stage of design, in Switzerland and in a subtropical country, the cost estimates are as follows:
The commonly used LCOE formula does not take externalities into account when calculating production costs. Yet today, almost no one disputes the significance of these externalities. Global warming alone is dominating an ever-increasing amount of media coverage, whether in relation to analysing its likely consequences or discussing the legal measures to be put in place to combat it. For most of the energy sources currently used worldwide, the primary characteristic of externalities is that they are negative. Taking them into account, for example by factoring in the consequences of CO2 emissions, would significantly increase the calculated costs.

Cost comparisons with other renewable energy sources - Competitiveness

It is interesting to compare the projected production costs for hybrid power stations EnergyPier (solar+wind+thermal) with the cost projections published by the SFOE for the various electricity generation technologies

(source: SFOE 2019 – Potential, costs and environmental impacts of electricity generation facilities).

Current electricity generation costs (base year: 2018)

Source: SFOE

Estimated costs of electricity generation in 2050

Source: SFOE

Generation costs for new power generation facilities built in Switzerland (in ct./kWh) and offshore wind energy abroad

It is clear that the EnergyPier solution achieves highly competitive production costs in both the short and long term, which should enable its rapid integration into the energy landscape as a complement to existing renewable energy sources, particularly hydroelectricity, solar power and wind power.

Its contribution in terms of production volume is expected to complement photovoltaic and wind power, which are set to develop rapidly.

Exploitable potential of renewable electricity generation facilities in Switzerland (in TWh/year)

The table above shows the exploitable electricity generation potential by technology; this includes both current generation and new exploitable generation.

Level of investment

The entry cost for each generation technology is often summarised as the level of investment calculated in dollars per megawatt-hour.

Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) – Projected Costs of Generating Electricity

*Excluding positive externalities

MEDIAN INVESTMENT COST (IN DOLLARS PER MEGAWATT-HOUR)


Gas
12.7
Coal
27.2
EnergyPier
30.0–70.0*
Nuclear
57.9
Onshore wind farm
65.7
Large hydroelectric dam
65.9
Solar Farm
102.3
Offshore wind farm
126.2
Commercial rooftop solar
128.0
Residential rooftop solar panels
188.6

When the LCOE formula is applied to ongoing EnergyPier projects, both in Switzerland and in a subtropical country, the cost estimates fall within the lower cost brackets of the various technologies.

EnergyPier offers highly competitive production costs in both the short and long term, which should enable its rapid integration into existing renewable energy sources, notably hydroelectricity, photovoltaics and wind power.

In terms of production volume, EnergyPier is expected to complement solar and wind power, which are currently undergoing rapid development. EnergyPier power stations will fall into the category of power stations requiring a comparatively low level of investment.

To determine its production costs, the electricity sector frequently uses a model known as LCOE (Levelised Cost of Energy). For a given power generation facility, this corresponds to the sum of the discounted costs of energy production divided by the quantity of energy produced, which is also discounted. It is typically expressed in ct/kWh (or another currency).


Calculating the cost price of the energy produced involves taking into account a multitude of factors, some of which are fixed and objective (the price of a solar panel), others objective but variable and entirely predictable (the cost of a foundation depending on the local geology), others that are variable and partially predictable (the weather), variable and almost impossible to predict (the state of the economy), some that are entirely arbitrary (the rate of return on invested capital, the financing model), and finally, for the most difficult factors, elements that are subject to controversy such as the cost of nuclear waste storage, the impacts of global warming, etc.

Reference point

Dams for hydroelectric power generation

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Reference point

A comparison of large hydroelectric power stations with EnergyPier power plants

The economic boom that Switzerland experienced after the war necessitated the development of hydroelectric power: in a short space of time, between 1950 and 1970, nearly 80 dams over 15 metres high were built. These account for half of the existing structures in our country.

It was during this period that the Grande Dixence dam was built; at 285 metres high, it remains the world’s tallest gravity dam.

Since then, the pace of dam construction has slowed. However, Swiss engineers have contributed their knowledge and experience to numerous projects abroad. In this way, they preserve their expertise and remain at the forefront of a constantly evolving technology.

This is beneficial for ensuring the effective maintenance of our own dams.

Pilot projects

Two demonstration plants in Switzerland

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Pilot projects

The first two power stations—EnergyPier—are to be built as demonstration projects within the federal government’s institutional and regulatory framework (FEDRO and SFOE)

The selected sites are located in the cantons of Valais (municipality of Fully) and Zurich/Zug (Knonauer Amt district).

— Fully, Valais - EnergyPier

EnergyPier Combined Power Plant in Fully (VS), A9 motorway

  • Length of the structure

    1.609 m

  • Annual production:

    ~50 GWh/year
    Enough to power 12,500 households for a year (over 37,000 people)

  • Estimated minimum service life of the structure

    150 years

  • Motorway section layout

    Straight & Flat

Fully - VS

Fully
Valais

— EnergyPier Knonauer Amt - ZH-ZG

EnergyPier Combined Power Plant at Knonauer Amt (ZH-ZG) A4-KW

  • Length of the structure

    2,500 m

  • Annual production:

    ~78 GWh/year
    Enough to power 20,000 households for a year (over 56,000 people)

  • Estimated minimum service life of the structure

    150 years

  • Layout of the motorway section

    Winding & undulating

Knonauer Amt – ZH-ZG
Affolten am Albis

Zurich
Zug

Swiss
Market Development 2020–2035

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The potential in Switzerland

Swiss Market Development 2020–2035

Key considerations for Switzerland’s energy transition include offsetting the shortfall caused by the reduction in current generation resulting from the imminent decommissioning of the country’s nuclear and thermal power plants, and meeting the new demand for electricity arising from the decarbonisation of passenger and commercial vehicle fleets and heating systems, as well as the rise in remote working.

In 2019, renewable energy sources, excluding hydroelectricity, amounted to 3 TWh/year. Despite their rapid growth, the 25–35 TWh/year threshold will only be reached with the addition of significant new generation capacity.

EnergyPiers are therefore an important complementary solution.

Assuming an average plant size corresponding to the A4-KW plant in the Knonauer Amt described above, around 250 EnergyPier plants will need to be built, spread across the entire Swiss motorway network.

To address this range of possible scenarios, EnergyPier operates within a flexible structure that adapts to the needs and choices of its clients and partners in the design and implementation of projects.

At the heart of the start-up that saw the birth and growth of the EnergyPier project, the EnergyPier team is already active in advising on the initiatives that various stakeholders will take during the process leading to Switzerland’s energy transition.

It is ready to explore all forms of collaboration proposed with a view to responding swiftly to the challenges created by the energy transition.

Condition of national roads and motorways in 2020

Switzerland: Roads and Traffic 2020
Source: Federal Roads Office (FEDRO) annual publication – Roads and Traffic 2020

EnergyPier and other renewable energy sources

The outlook for the Swiss market between 2035 and 2050 shows that the complementary nature of rapidly developing renewable energy sources (solar and wind power) and the ‘EnergyPier’ solution will be essential. Combining these will enable the replacement of nuclear and fossil fuels (for transport and heating), whilst also meeting the growth required by new needs (cloud computing, remote working, etc.).

International roll-out

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Endless global opportunities

In addition to its commitment to building the power stations that Switzerland will need, the EnergyPier team is also expanding its operations internationally.

Initially, the team looked at certain European countries neighbouring Switzerland, where the solution is appealing because they are striving to phase out nuclear power and high-carbon fossil fuels.

The team soon went further, establishing local partnerships to identify, provide expertise and adapt it to countries with more pressing needs in much more favourable climatic conditions.

It follows that the global opportunities are countless.

As was the case with hydroelectric power stations, EnergyPier’s successive projects will lead to the development of a genuine Swiss combined-cycle power station industry.

A world-class industry that will address the energy transition concerns being felt across the globe.

Electricity generation by source

Electricity generation by source
Source: BNEF – Central scenario, 2020